Superhydrophobic fiber membranes have become a hotspot of research in the field of functional surfaces due to their unique surface properties. Electrospinning as an emerging technique is simple to operate, and can effectively modulate the surface morphology of nanofibers and realize micro/nano double structure selfassembly. Thus, superhydrophobic micro/nano fiber surface materials are obtained. The surface morphology and physical properties of the micro/nano fibers prepared by this technique are close to those of natural fiber superhydrophobic materials. This article first introduces the selfcleaning theorectical basis of superhydrophobic surface materials and the technical principle of electrospinning in brief, and then focused on the latest research progress of electrospinning technology to prepare superhydrophobic surface materials.